Monday, July 12, 2010
Dutch Embassy - Berlin
Friday, July 9, 2010
The Ghosts of Berlin
What is the intention of a memorial? Is it to remember those who were unjustly treated or to honor those who showed extraordinary bravery or to remind a nation of its proudest moments? In Germany the idea of a memorial has begun to take on a slightly different meaning. In recent years Germans have found themselves deciding what deserves to be memorialized and what should just be forgotten. In Germany's recent history there are two era's that I would like to focus on: the time of WWII/ the 3rd Reich and the time of the Wall/ Foreign occupation. I selected these two periods because they offer two different situational attitudes. In the era of the 3rd Reich, the German people were responsible for the authority of the government; while in the time of the Berlin Wall, the Germans were the under the oppression of foreign rulers. In one case a monument reminds Germans of their own transgressions, whereas, in the case of the Berlin Wall, a monument begins to show the cruelty the Germans were subject to in a time of foreign occupation. With this, I would like to look at how these two time periods are represented, as memorials, in modern day Berlin.
The largest portion of memorials in Berlin are of the WWII period, as Berlin was the main headquarters for the 3rd Reich. These memorials are fall into a couple of categories: memorials to the victims of the Nazis, memorials to the fallen Russian soldiers, and memorials meant to provide a view of how the Nazi party functioned. One of the first memorials I was able to visit was the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe. This memorial, in my opinion, was very successful in relaying the solemn nature of its intent. The large field of stellae create a maze of light and sound that begin to make the very static stone seem to come alive with memory. One of the most impressive monuments we were able to see was the one at Treptow Park. This monument is dedicated to the Russian soldiers who fell in the Battle of Berlin. Although monuments of this nature can be hard for a country to approve of, many of them are necessary to remind us that all actions have consequences. One memorial that must be mentioned is the Dachau Concentration Camp Memorial. The first concentration camp opened by the Nazis, Dachau served mainly as a area to hold political opponents and foreign saboteurs, though it was also well known for its extermination chambers. There are many factors that contribute to the grim feeling one experiences when entering this place. It is crucial that places of this nature be kept as a reminder of the evil mankind is capable of.
If you were trying to describe the mentality of Berlin, and Germany as a whole, in the time just following WWII it could be best accomplished with one word, Fractured. This fracturing was the direct result of the competing ideologies of foreign occupiers. The Wall, that stood from August 1961 till November 1989, was a constant presence in the thoughts and lives of every Berliner both East and West. With the fall of the wall came the debate of how it should be remembered or if it was even worth of memory. There has been an overwhelming majority of Berliners who feel the wall should be completely demolished in both the physical and historical sense. This has been hotly debated as the Wall has slowly evaporated over the past 20 years. Only a few portions remain of the wall, the large majority of which was destroyed by the state. One of the most popular Berlin Wall memorials is that of Checkpoint Charlie. This place has been highly commercialized and begins to show you the underlying sentiment of a place people wish to forget. The Berlin Wall Memorial had a more serious feeling to it. This small park is dedicated to remembering the Wall and those who fell victim to it. It has a much more serious feel to it. I found this park a much more reflective place, and a place much more appropriate to the magnitude of the subject.
In discussing the subject of memorials in Germany, one will always find many different points of view from which to speculate. Both eras in which my subject matter is found are deserving of remembrance. Although, as is usually the case, some of these memorials have lost the substance of their message, while some still convey the intent to which they were purposed. It is apparent that Berlin will feel the repercussions of each of these era's for many years to come.
Monday, July 5, 2010
Tempered Nationalism?
Through reading Peter Schneider’s The Wall Jumper, a picture is painted of a nation divided by both mental and physical barriers. The narrator tells the stories of his acquaintances both from East and West Berlin, and how each of them responds in their own way to the walls presence. One of the sub-topics throughout the story is that of the expression of German nationalism. Since the fall of the Nazi Regime, many Germans have struggled with the expression of their national identity. This has been made apparent, in recent years, with the discretion show in displaying the German colors by its citizens. Many have come to fear any form of nationalism as a precursor to the horrible events of Germany’s past.
This brings me to the present. Currently, Germany is one of four teams to qualify for the semi-finals of the World Cup; with this, many Germans have been proud to display their German colors. While to some this type of nationalism seems harmless, many see this as just the beginning to the “us vs them” attitude that sparked the rise of Nazi propaganda.
Being an American in Berlin I have had the chance to experience the World Cup fever here from an outsiders perspective. I have watched the games at crowded pubs and on large park monitors with thousands, and never was I treated in an unsuitable manner. On the contrary, many Germans were quick to praise the United States team on its current success (Although this could be because they don’t really view us as a threat).
As a sports fan, I feel as though the passion being shown for their team is a great testament to the support these people have for their home team. While sports are, by nature, an aggressive activity, they can also serve to promote unity and teamwork. It is this type of message that should be emphasized to all who watch or participate in any type of sport, especially one such as soccer.
Cars and such
The Mercedes-Benz Museum didn't relay the same feeling. It came off as a much more...down to earth place. (As a footnote: In Germany almost every taxi you see is a Mercedes, so while many Americans normally think of that particular brand of car as prohibitively expensive, they are kinda the Chevy of Germany.)
Concentration Camp - Dachau
The dormitory style housing has all been torn down. The structure you see in the picture below is a replica, built to the same standards as the original. Of the many other housing units, only the foundations were left, as a footprint of what used to be.
Hitler's Delusion - Nazi Rally Grounds at Nurnberg
Sunday, June 27, 2010
Bauhaus - Origins of Modern Design
These windows were operable by pulling a small chain. The building was built much more for looks than function. Walter Gropius was mainly concerned with getting the design work out to the public; So in designing this facility he ignored many rules that would have allowed the building to function better as a school/workshop.
This is one of the Master's Houses, houses where the senior members of the faculty were allowed to live. They were designed in the same international style as the Bauhaus School. I was surprised at the small sizes of the rooms, although when put into perspective these buildings must have been cutting edge for their time period (1920's).
Tuesday, June 22, 2010
The Berliner Dome
A Visit to the Embassy
The next set of embassies we saw were a series of Nordic Embassies. These many nations have such high respect for one another they decided to create one area in which all Nordic embassies could share. This area is wrapped in a wall of copper louvers. These nations all share similar architectural traditions which is apparent in the work.
Wednesday, June 16, 2010
Sans Souci
Sunday, June 13, 2010
Fun in the Street
A young British lady was juggling knives whilst hanging upside down. I was the one to throw her the knives. It was really neat to see some of the variety Berlin has to offer.
Friday, June 11, 2010
First Couple Days in Berlin
Sorry for the lack of posts so far, but the first few days have been fairly hectic. Here are the highlights so far. But first I just want to make a few observations about the city of Berlin.
- Bikes, Bikes, Bikes - The first thing I noticed about Berlin was the amazing extent to which this country goes to be green. The easiest thing to notice, in that regard, is the astronomical number of bikes you see on a daily basis. I have also been pleasantly surprised by the types of people who used bikes as a primary method of transport; to be simple, there is no type. You can see everyone from businessmen in suits to gypsys in rags all peddling away.
- No A/C anywhere - Being from the US this has been kinda crazy. The first couple of days have been pretty hot so needless to say it could be pretty uncomfortable at times, although a cold front has started to come in and it is already feeling much better.
- Man's Best Friend - From what I have seen, Berliners can take their pets with them just about anywhere. Ex. When we went to the grocery yesterday there was a huge German Shepard laying just inside the entrance where his owner had tied him. Also many dogs I have seen are not even on a leash. The whole atmosphere is much more relaxed than in America where many of the laws seem to be in place to prevent litigation.
- No Ice for You - A large majority of Berliners drink very little ice in their drinks (I'm talking like 1 maybe 2 small pieces of ice). This has probably seemed worst due to the unusually hot weather.
Now to my favorite stops so far.....
Right next to where we are staying is the Holocaust Memorial designed by American architect Peter Eisenman. The memorial is a field of these large monolithic concrete boxes that each vary height allowing visitors the opportunity to experience the space on a few different levels. When I first saw a picture of this memorial while still in the US, to be honest, I thought it was OK; After being able to experience the space, it has started to grow on me. I have a whole new appreciation and understanding of what the architect was trying to accomplish.
The way this memorial is arranged reminds me of the cemeteries in south Louisiana.
The Berlin Hauptbohnhof is one of the largest train stations in Europe. It is a mult-leveled structure that is covered by a large glass and steel canopy. I found the details of the glass to be very interesting.
We also visited the Reichstag Dome by British architect Norman Foster. It was nice to be able to get up so high and see a large majority of the city. The dome was recently rebuilt after the original was decimated in WWII.
The Akademie der Kunst (Academy of Art) by German architect Gunter Behnisch is an amazingly hectic building, but you really wouldn't notice from the outside.
Those are just a couple of my favorites in the brief time we've been here. Stay tuned.